- characteristic of a category 5 storm
- current boardwalks
- Avon-By-The-Sea
- before and after Sandy
- structural improvements
- Belmar
- before and after Sandy
- structural improvements
- Spring Lake
- before and after Sandy
- structural improvements
- Avon-By-The-Sea, NJ
- flood map
- Types of materials used in walkways
- support system
- composite
- concrete
- pavers
- concrete pilings
- deck
- plastic composite
- wood
- Ipe
- Cedar
- Oak
- concrete treads
- concrete
- pavers
Characteristics of Hurricanes________________________________________________________
Category 1
- Sustained winds: 74–95 mph 64–82 kt 119–153 km/h
Storm surge: 4–5 ft 1.2–1.5 m
Central pressure: 28.94 in Hg, 980 mbar
Potential damage: No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Also, some coastal flooding and minor pier damage.
Historical storms: Hurricane Agnes – Hurricane Danny – Hurricane Gaston – Hurricane Ophelia
- Sustained winds: 96–110 mph 83–95 kt 154–177 km/h
Storm surge: 6–8 ft 1.8–2.4 m
Central pressure: 28.50–28.91 in Hg, 965–979 mbar
Potential damage: Some roofing material, door, and window damage. Considerable damage to vegetation, mobile homes, etc. Flooding damages piers and small craft in unprotected moorings may break their moorings.
Historical storms: Hurricane Bob – Hurricane Bonnie – Hurricane Frances – Hurricane Juan
- Sustained winds: 111–130 mph 96–113 kt 178–209 km/h
Storm surge: 9–12 ft 2.7–3.7 m
Central pressure: 27.91–28.47 in Hg, 945–964 mbar
Potential damage: Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings, with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Mobile homes are destroyed. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by floating debris. Terrain may be flooded well inland.
Historical storms: Great New England Hurricane of 1938 – Hurricane Fran – Hurricane Isidore – Hurricane Jeanne
- Sustained winds: 131–155 mph 114–135 kt 210–249 km/h
Storm surge: 13–18 ft 4.0–5.5 m
Central pressure: 27.17–27.88 in Hg, 920–944 mbar
Potential damage: More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failure on small residences. Major erosion of beach areas. Terrain may be flooded well inland.
Historical storms: Galveston Hurricane of 1900 – Hurricane Charley – Hurricane Hugo – Hurricane Iris – Hurricane Katrina
- Sustained winds: greater than 156 mph, 136 kt, 250 km/h
Storm surge: greater than 19 ft, 5.5 m
Central pressure: less than 27.17 in Hg, 920 mbar
Potential damage: Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away. Flooding causes major damage to lower floors of all structures near the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas may be required.
Historical storms: Hurricane Andrew – Hurricane Camille – Hurricane Gilbert – Labor Day Hurricane of 1935
Butler, Rhett A. . "What is a Category 5 Hurricane?." Conservation news. N.p., 21 Sept. 2005. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. http://news.mongabay.com/2005/0921-category_5_hurricane.html.
Current Boardwalks________________________________________________________________
Avon By The Sea
Before Sandy:
-Elevated wooden pilings
Destruction:
-Failure at wear deck attachments to sub deck
-Damage to central support structure
-Damage to superstructures
After:
-Added hurricane straps/fasteners
-Added diagonal supports between support pilings
Belmar
Before Sandy:
Destruction:
-Failure at sub deck attachment to support pilings
-Damage to beachfront buildings
After:
-Improved "herringbone" joist pattern for added strength
-New wear deck pattern to sustain harsh forces coming from ocean
Spring Lake
Destruction:
-Sub deck failure
-Wear deck failure
-Supports endured conditions phenomenally
-Supports remain unscathed
After:
-Increased hurricane straps/fasteners
-Used same supports, new joists and decking
Avon By The Sea __________________________________________________________________
Flood Map
"Flood map". Avon By The Sea. N.p., August 2010. Web.
"New Jersey, Monmouth County Flood Map" FEMA. November 2013. Web.
Walkway Technologies ___________________________________________________________
Support systems:
Composite:
"AXION's cost-effective STRUXURE® Composite Building Products for Commercial Boardwalks are engineered using our patented formula - an industrial grade, Recycled Structural Composite (RSC) - and can even be pre-built to your specifications. STRUXURE® Commercial Boardwalks are a top choice for municipalities, parks, and other commercial properties. Commercial Boardwalk components include: Railing systems; Decking Boards - including Tongue & Groove sizes from 3" (h) x 10" (w) up to 6" (h) x 24" (w) in 20-foot lengths; I-Beams, Joists, and sub-structure; and right into the soil or water with our 12" (D) Pilings."
Concrete:
"PermaTrak™ is a precast, concrete boardwalk and elevated greenway system that many landscape architects, planners, and parks/recreation departments are finding to be a cost-competitive alternative to traditional timber construction. This boardwalk system was first developed in Australia in the mid 1990's. PermaTrak North America is now designing, producing and supplying this precast concrete boardwalk product in the U.S.
According to the manufacturer, "the product is designed for durability over a 50-75 year lifespan that only precast concrete can offer, design flexibility to work with your natural environment, and the option of different colors and textures to provide an unparalleled aesthetic framework. The system is designed to be easy to install, and requires virtually no maintenance, providing high savings in maintenance costs compared to other materials over the products' life cycle."
"Precast concrete boardwalk system for elevated trails". Permatrak. American Trails. 2013. Web.
Pavers:
"Durable, low maintenance and stain resistant, brick pavers combine in a variety of bond patterns providing stability and strength that holds up beautifully under heavy pedestrian or vehicular traffic."
"Paving". Metro Brick and Stone Co. N.p., 2013. Web.
Concrete pilings:
" Auger cast piling is a deep foundation pile system that is installed by drilling to a specified depth with a continuously flighted hollow stem auger. High strength grout is then pumped through the auger as it is slowly withdrawn thereby displacing the spoils* and leaving a clean column of fluid grout in which a rebar cage is lowered. The cages typically extend from above the piles part way down to the tip with a full length bar in the center. The advantage of the auger cast method of pile installation is that the casting component eliminates the need to use casing in loose or wet soil conditions. McDowell NW, Inc. installs auger cast piles in varying sizes including 12”, 14”, 16”, 18”, 24” & 30” diameters and to depths up to 90 feet."
"Services". McDowell. N.p., 2013. Web.
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